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Employment discrimination is
the differing treatment of people in the workplace based on innate
characteristics, such as gender, race or religion. A series of federal and
state laws has been passed to combat the practice. These include the Civil
Rights Act of 1964 (prohibiting discrimination based on race, religion and
other criteria), the Equal Pay Act (gender), the Age Discrimination in
Employment Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act.
More modern federal employment
discrimination statutes protect more narrow constituencies, such as those
suffering from genetic diseases (the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act
of 2008) and even black lung disease sufferers (the “Black Lung Act”).
State employment
discrimination laws sometimes go farther and protect people from discrimination
based on additional factors like sexual orientation, marital status, military
status, religious observances and even certain types of criminal histories.
The types of employment
discrimination prohibited by federal statute apply to all medium-sized and
large companies. For example, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 applies to
organizations with 15 or more employees.